The Summer Palace, located near 礼士胡同, Beijing, China, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its extensive gardens and exquisite architecture. Originally built in the Jin Dynasty, it was expanded and renovated during the Qing Dynasty, particularly under Emperor Qianlong, who sought to create a harmonious blend of nature and architecture. The palace covers an area of approximately 2.9 square kilometers, with over 3,000 structures.
One of the most fascinating features of the Summer Palace is the Kunming Lake, which makes up about three-quarters of the entire area. The lake was artificially created by excavating earth to build the surrounding hills, providing a picturesque setting for various pavilions and bridges. The lake is also home to the iconic Seventeen Arch Bridge, which is notable for its 17 arches representing the number of steps to enlightenment in Buddhism.
The Long Corridor, stretching over 700 meters, is another highlight of the Summer Palace. This covered walkway is adorned with more than 14,000 intricate paintings depicting scenes from Chinese mythology, history, and nature. Each painting tells a story, providing insight into the cultural significance of the motifs chosen by the artists. The corridor serves as a perfect example of the fusion of art and architecture prevalent in imperial gardens.
Despite its beauty, the Summer Palace has a tumultuous history. It was severely damaged during the Second Opium War in 1860 when British and French troops looted and burned several structures. The palace was later rebuilt, but many original artifacts were lost forever. Visitors today can see both restored areas and those that remain as reminders of this tragic past.
An interesting trivia point is that the Tower of Buddhist Incense located on Longevity Hill is designed to resemble a lotus flower. This architectural choice reflects the Buddhist significance of the lotus in Chinese culture, symbolizing purity and enlightenment. From this tower, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the entire palace grounds and the surrounding landscape.
Additionally, the Summer Palace features a unique “marble boat,” known as the Boat of Purity and Ease, which is actually a stone structure and not a functional boat. Constructed in the late 18th century, it symbolizes the stability of the Qing Dynasty and the emperor's desire to maintain control over the waters of the nation. This blend of symbolism and practicality is emblematic of the artistic philosophy that permeates the estate.